Petroleum sulphonate derivatives



Patented Aug'. 8, I

PETROLEUM SULPHONATE DERIVATIV ES Leo Liberthson, New York, N. Y., assignor to L. Sonneborn Sons, Inc., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application May 12, 1943, Serial No. 486,743

12 Claims. (Cl- 260-556) This invention relates to new and useful petroleum sulphonate derivatives, and this application is a continuation in part oi my application Serial No. 393,944 filed May 17, 1941.

to their oil soluble character, are found' in the oil layer, and two, the green petroleum suiphonic acids, primarily of a water soluble nature, found dissolved-in the sludge. These sulphonicacids are recovered after suitable extraction and puriflcation from the respective layers, either as such or in the form of their salts, i. e., petroleum sulphonates, in tices.

In accordance with the invention described and claimed'in my co-pending application Serial No.

344,918, filed July 11, 1940, an alkylene or polyalkylene polyamine having at least once the with the sulphonic acid. The reagents are 'preferably used in amounts suiilcient to provide one sulphonic acid group for each of at least two of the aminogroups present in the polyamine. In

most cases, however, the preferred practice is to.provide for each amino group present in the polyamine at least one suiphonic acid group. It

accordance with well-known praccrude or a rafilnate of such crude is treated with successive batches of fuming sulphuric acid at a temperature maintained below approximately 130 F., the mixture being agitated after the addi- In'the acid refining of lubricating oil distil- 3- tion of each batch and permitted to stratify into lates, the crude stocks are usually treated with an. oil layer and sludge layer, each sludge layer concentrated sulphuric acid and preferably fumbeing drawn off before th a d of next ing sulphuric acid in the well-known manner to succeeding batch of acid. Thetotal acid added yield a two layer system'comprising an oil layer was approximat ly by volume of t e 011 and an acid sludge layer. The acid treatment, treated- The m ned il layers are then thorbeing carried out under sulphonating conditions O h y agitated, with about y v m 1 a of acid amount and temperature, results in the %-aq\1e ethyl alcohol an th a ow d to formation of so-called petroleum sul honle a 1d settle. After stratiflcationhas been completed,

- that are generally of two types; one, the so-called e q o alcohol ay is Withdrawn n mahogany petroleum sulphonic acids, which, duell counter-extracted with a light Petroleum distillate such as benzene, in order to remove entrained oil. The oil-free 50% alcoholic solution is then distilled, preferably in vacuo, to remove the alcohol and water, obtaining as a residue substantially oil freemahogany sulphonic acids.

The combined acid Esludges are diluted with aa medium heavy petroleum distillate which after The combined acid sludges are diluted with water to approximately -15'B. concentration,

thoroughly boiled and permitted to settle. After stratiilcation the bulk of the sulphuric acid is removed with the withdrawl of the lower layer leaving an aqueous solution of the petroleum green sulphonic acids. The aqueous solution of the green petroleum sulphonic acids is extracted with chloroform and the extract, after separation from the aqueousmedia is freed from the solwill generally sumce to establish the molecular weight of the particular petroleum sulphonic acid usedin the reaction, such as by a sulphur determination, and to react the polyamine and the sulphonic acid in substantially stoichiometrlc mportlons.

Typical mahogany and green sulphonic acids maybe produced in accordance with conventional procedures as for instance set forth in the following example: 1

' Example I a lubricating oil stock from a Mid-Continent vent by vacuum distillation.

The alkylene or polyalkylene polyamines that may be used as set forth in my said co-pending application, are represented by the following eneral formula: r

it i

I in which R1 and R2 areany alkylene or aralkylene members in the po'lyamino chain. Suitable allrylene or polyalkylene polyamines are, for instance; ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, or any alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl derivatives thereof.

In the practical application the polyamine and the petroleum sulphonic' acid are brought into intimate contact with one another so as to effect a reaction between the same. In most cases it will sufiice to intimately mix the reagents with= out the aid of solvents and the reaction will prothus, for instance, be obtained with the polyamine added to the petroleum sulphonic acid while the latter is in suitable solution. If a mahogany petroleum sulphonic acid, for instance, is used, a solvent, such as xylol, may serve this purpose, whereas if a green petroleum sulphonic acid is used, water or alcohol are satisfactory.

Alternatively, when using mahogany petroleum sulphonic acids, it is preferred to use a suitable oil as the solvent for the sulphonic acid. Such procedure ofiers the particular advantage that it is possible to use directly the oil layer obtained in the acid refining of a lubricating oil distillate and containing the mahogany sulphonic acids in solution, thus substantially eliminating the necessity for extraction or isolation of these acids.

When using within the preferred procedure an oil containing mahogany sulphonic acid the same is preferably substantially freed from inorganic acidity by air blowing and settling, and thereafter admixed with the polyamine. The mahogany sulphonic acid dissolved in the oil will react with the poly-amine to form the polyamino sulphonate.

When in accordance with the preferred practice, use is made of a solution of mahogany sulphonic acid in oil, the addition of the polyamine may be accomplished in different ways. The same may beadded to the solution of the sulphonic acid in oil as such, i. e., without prior solution in a suitable solvent, or in the form or the like. If the polyamine is added as such,

it is preferred to effect the addition in excess of stoichiometrical amounts as this will facilitate the precipitation of the reaction product with the sulphonic acid which otherwise would have to be accomplished with the aid of centrifugal separation. If, on the other hand, the polyamine is added in solution, it is not necessary as a rule to add in excessofstoichiometrical amounts for the accomplishment of a satisfactory and rapid precipitation of the sulphonate product. When the polyamine is added in excess of stoichiometrical amounts, this excess is as a rule carried to a considerable extent into the settled or precipitated polyamino petroleum sulphonate from which it may be recovered if desired by suitable extraction with, for instance, alcohol or water.

When I speak of stoichiometrical or neutralizing amounts, or use such similar expressions, I mean thereby such amounts of reagents that there is present one molecule of petroleum sulphonic acid (a mono-sulphonic acid) for every NH or NH2 group per molecule of polyalkalene polyamine.

The polyamino sulphonates obtained in accordance with the invention set forth in my said ,of a solution in a solvent such as water, alcohol co-pending application possess preferably at least once the grouping Pet.SOsH Pet.S 03H in which R1 and R2 may be any alkylene or aralkylene radical, and Pet.SO3H a petroleum sulphonic acid and constitute preferably polysulphonates of the general formula it i J in which R; and R2 are any alkylene or aralkylene radical and R3 and Re any hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or aralkylradical in which :2, being at least one in number, designates the number of members in the polyamino sulphonate chain and in which 1 designates the number of petroleum sulphonic acid groups present in the polyamine. It is preferred to substantially neutralize the polyamine in which case 1 equals :c+1, i. e., there is at least one Pet.SOsH group present for each reactive NH in the polyamino sulphonate molecule.

The polyamino sulphonates are substantially insoluble in aqueous or alcoholic media as well as in petroleum hydrocarbons. They are substantially soluble in aromatic solvents, such as benzol and its homologues, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as chloroform, and in higher aliphatic esters, such as amyl acetate. If the reaction between the polyamine and the sulphonic acid is effected in the presence of a solvent in which the resulting polyamino sulphonate is substantially insoluble, which constitutes the preferred practice in accordance with my invention, the polyamino sulphonate is precipitated and the precipitate may be recovered by decantatlon, followed if necessary, or desired, by a suitable Washing of the precipitate. When a solvent solution is used in which the resulting polyamino the desired amount of polyamine and preferably with stoichiometric amounts.

As the number of amino groups in the polyamino sulphonate increases, solvent solutions of the compounds increase in viscosity. Thus a 30% xylol solution of the reaction products of diethylene triamine and green sulphonic acid has a viscosity of about 35 @210 F. while a xylol solution of .the same concentration of the reaction products of the green acids and triethylene tetramine has a viscosity of 48@210 F., while the visccsityof a solution of the same solution of the tetraethylene pentamine green sulphonate hasv a viscosity of about 58@2l0 F. 4

Within the broad purview of this invention a dehydration of the afore-described polyamino petroleum sulphonates may be accomplished,

. aasasio yielding valuable products of. a resinous char-- acter. For this purpose the polyamino petroleum sulphonates are heated to dehydrating temperatures, i.-e., temperatures sumciently high to split of! water from their molecular structure.

to'appearance, filmforming tendency, etc., is yet in other respects diilerent. The same possesses.

for instance, a modified, usually lower melting I point and constitutes a much. more plastic and softer product than is otherwise .the .case.

The dehydrated polyamino sulphonates in accordance with the invention have highly desirable characteristics and properties.

"I'he mahogany sulphonic acid derived products, while fused, are capable o'tbeing converted to transparent sheetswhich, upon cooling, resemble dry varnish films; they are thermo plastic and capable of being drawn out into long threads and possess definite fusing temperatures and sharp eating that substantially all of the intra-molecular water desired to be removed has been driven on. The period of heating is to some extent dependent upon the'number of sulphonic groups present in the sulphonate, as these determine the amount ofwater to be removed from theproduct; the heating may thus require from 1 to 4 hours or more. Analyses of the, dehydrated polyamino petroleum sulphonates, in accordance with the invention, for sulphur and nitrogen, agreed sub-.-

cooling curves; thus, for example, the sulphonamide obtained by dehydrating a diethylene triamine mahogany sulphonate shows a fusing point of approximately 160 to 170 F., while the triball and ring method).

stantially with the theoretical calculated sulphur and nitrogen content. Determinations oi thewater produced in thedehydration reactions substantially agreed with the theoretically calculated amounts of water produced in intra mo-. lecular dehydrations from each amino petroleum sulphonate group present.

Alternatively, the intra molecular dehydration may be accomplished by dissolving the polyamino petroleum sulphonate in a suitable solvent having a relatively high boiling point and to reflux,

preferably with a water trap arrangement, the

sulphonate solution until the dehydration reaction is complete. The boiling point of such solvent is preferably in excess 01250 F. and below the decomposition temperature of the polyamino petroleum sulphonate, i. e., the temperature at'which' evolution of ammonia occurs. A suitable solvent for such purpose is, for instance, xylol'having aboiling point of approximately 285 F. When proceeding in this manner, the temperature at which the dehydration reaction takes place is as a general rule lower than is the case when dryheating the product. It is preferred to select such solvent for the solvent dehydration procedure as will not appreciably dissolve the dehydration product upon the formation thereof.

Such solvent may be one in which the petroleum polyalkylene polyamino sulphonate product is substantially insoluble or in which such product can be maintained in suspension. Such latter solvent, is for instance, kerosene of an initial boiling point of approximately 300 F. and an end point of approximately 450 F. I

When a polyamino mahogany sulphonate product is obtained by precipitation from a mahogany acid containing oil, as previously described, the precipitate will as a rule contain approximately its own weight of occluded oil. If desired, this occluded oil may be removed by suitable extraction from the polyamino sulphonatebefore the dehydration is carried out. In many cases, however, it is of advantage to subject the polyamino sulphonate product together with its content of occluded oil to the dehydration reaction. The

then resulting product though in most respects I substantially identical with the product obtained by the dehydration of the sulphonate in the .Example II using 146 parts by weight of triethylene tetramine mahogany sulphonamide and the'tet'raethylene pentamine sulphonamide posses's' fusing points of approximately 185F. to 190 F. and 220 F. to 230 F. respectively (A.-S. T. M.

The polyamino mahogany sulphonamides when added to other resins or products with'which theyare compatible as, for example, rosin, estergum, cumar, and certain modified phenolic resins will impart plasticity thereto. g

In contrast to the plastic masses obtained from petroleummahogany polysulphonamides, the petroleum green polysulphonamides are dark, brittle solids, soluble in coal'tar hydrocarbons, halo genated hydrocarbons and higher esters. The solutions obtained yield black coatings similar to asphalt but the films lack elasticity. The petroleum green polysulphonamides are, however, compatible with the petroleum mahogany polysulphonamides so that the latter may serve as plasticizers for the former.

The following examples are furnished by way of illustration:

Example H 1212 parts by weight of mahogany sulphonic acids derived from the sulphonatlon of a viscosity (at F.) rafllnate are dissolved in xylol. 103 parts by weight of diethylene triamine (molecular weight 103) are added to the xylol solution with gentle stirring. The xylol is then removed by distillation in vacuo.

The diethylene triamine mahogany sulphonate I obtained is then heated at a temperature between 250 F; and 320 F. until nofurther weight decrease can be observed. The resulting product is ,thermo-plastic and capable of being drawn out into long threadsand shows a fusing point of approximately to F. (A. S. T. M; ball ring method).

a Example II! A triethylene tetramine mahogany sulphonate was obtained following the procedure specified in ethylene tetramine (molecular weight 146) 1816 parts by weight of the mahogany acid, The triethylene tetramine mahogany sulphanate was then suspended in a kerosene of an initial boiling point of approximately 300 F. and

and

an end point of approximately 450" F. and the absence of occluded oil, particularly with regard 75 solution refluxed using the conventional water trap element; the sulphonamide formed being insoluble in the keroseneprecipitate. The precipitate is filtered and dried constituting as analytically ascertained, a triethylene ,tetramine mahogany sulphonamide, thermoplastic ,in nature, capable of being drawn into long threads and possessing a fusing point of approximately 185 to 190 F. (A. S. T. M. ball and ring method).

Example I V A solution of mahogany sulphonic acids in 1 petroleum hydrocarbon oil constituting the oil layer obtained in the fuming sulphuric acid treatment of a 95 viscosity (100 F.) raifinate was freed from inorganic activity by air blowing and settling. A sufficient amount of the purified oil layer to correspond to an ascertained mahogany sulphonic acid content of approximately 2020 parts by weight was admixed with gentle stirring with 189 parts by weight .of tetraethylene pentamine. After completion of the neutralization reaction, the mix was centrifuged and the oil layer withdrawn. The resulting 'tetraethyl ene pentamine mahogany sulphonate was freed from occluded oil by alcohol extraction and then further'treated for the production of the sulphonamide in accordance with the procedure set forth in Example III. The resulting tetraethylene pentamine mahogany sulphonamide is thermoplasticin nature, capable of being drawn out into long threads and possesses a fusing point of approximately 220 to 230 F. (A. S. T. M.

- ball and ring method).

Example V 720 parts by weight of petroleum green sulphonic acids derived from the acid sludg obtained in the fuming sulphuric acid refining of a lubricating stock from a Mid-Continent crude petroleum are dissolved in alcohol and the alcoholic solution admixed .with parts by weight (molecular weight 60) of ethylene diamine'with stirring. The ethylene diamine mahogany sulphonate was precipitated and the precipitate recovered by decantation following by washing with alcohol.

The ethylene diamine green petroleum sulphonate was then heated to a temperature be- -tween 250 and 320 F. until constancy of weight was obtained. The resulting ethylene diamine green petroleum sulphonamide constituted a dark brittle product soluble in coal tar hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and higher esters.

Example VI 1224 parts by weight of an aqueous solution of green sulphonic acids of the typ used in'the preceding example were admixed with 146 parts by weight of triethylene tetramine (molecular weight 146) with agitation and slight raising of the temperature. Upon completion of the neutralization reaction, the precipitate was recovered after decantation of the supernatant liquid and washed with alcohol.

The resulting triethylene tetramine green petroleum sulphonate was then converted to the sulphonamide as described in the preceding example.

Where in the specification and claims reference is made to the term petroleum sulphonic 3. A petroleum sulphonamide which essentially comprises an intramolecular dehydration product of a petroleum green sulphonic acid salt of a polyalkylene polyamine.

4. A petroleum sulphonamide which essentially comprises an intramolecular dehydration product of a petroleum sulphonic acid salt of a diethylene triamine.

5. A petroleum sulphonamide which essentially comprises an intramolecular dehydration product of a petroleum sulphonic acid salt of a triethylene tetramine.

6. A petroleum sulphonamide which essentially comprises an intramolecular dehydration product of a petroleum. sulphonic acid salt of a tetraethylene pentamine.

'7. A petroleum sulphonamide which essentially comprises an intramolecular dehydration product of a petroleum sulphonic acid salt of a polyalkylene polyamine containing occluded petroleum hydrocarbon oil.

8. Method of producing a petroleum sulphonamide which comprises heating a petroleum sulphonic acid salt of a polyalkylene polyamine under intramolecular dehydrating conditions to a temperature above 250 F. and below the decomposition temperature of said salt. 9. Method of producing a petroleum sulphonamide in accordance with claim 8 in which said petroleum sulphonic acid salt ,is heated in the presence of a petroleum hydrocarbon oil.

10. Method of producing a petroleum sulphonamide in accordance with claim 8 in which said petroleum sulphonic acid salt is heated while substantially in solution in a solvent therefor.

11. Method of producing a petroleum sulphonamide in accordance with claim 8 in which said petroleum sulphonic acid salt is heated substantially under reflux conditions while substantially dissolved in'a solvent therefor, said solvent. having a boiling point in excess of 250 F. and below the temperature of decomposition of said petroleum sulphonic acid salt.

12. Method of producing a petroleum sulphonamide in accordance with claim 8 in which the petroleum sulphonic acid radical of said petroleum sulphonic acid salt is a member selected from the group consisting of mahogany petroleum sulphonic acid and green petroleum sulphonic acid radicals, in which the polyalkylene polyamine radical of said petroleum sulphonic acid saltis a member selected from the group consisting of ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine and tetraethylene pentamine-radicals and in which said petroleum sulphonic acid salt is heated substantially under refiuxconditions while substantially dissolved in a solvent therefor, said solvent having a boiling point in excess of 250 F. and below the temperature of decomposition of said petroleum sul- 

